Active Duty Guide – Starting Medical Separation or Retirement

If you are on active duty and your medical condition is interfering with your ability to serve, you may qualify for medical separation or retirement through the military’s Disability Evaluation System (DES). This guide explains how to initiate the process, what steps are involved, and how to protect your rights throughout.

Step 1: Recognize the Threshold

The process begins when a military provider determines that your condition is likely permanent and may prevent you from performing your duties. Temporary or minor issues do not qualify. Key indicators include:

  • Chronic conditions unresponsive to treatment
  • Inability to deploy, perform essential tasks, or meet physical standards
  • Medical profiles (P3 or P4) that limit duty for extended periods

Step 2: Request MEB Initiation

If your provider hasn’t initiated a Medical Evaluation Board (MEB), and you believe your condition justifies it, you can:

  • Request reevaluation through your **PCM or specialty clinic**
  • Submit a formal request via your chain of command
  • Contact the **Physical Evaluation Board Liaison Officer (PEBLO)** for guidance

Step 3: Undergo the MEB Process

Once initiated, the MEB gathers all medical records and creates a Narrative Summary (NARSUM) documenting your condition. The board evaluates whether your condition meets retention standards.

If your condition does not meet those standards, the case is referred to the **Physical Evaluation Board (PEB)** for a fitness determination.

Step 4: PEB Review & Rating

The Informal PEB will determine:

  • Are you fit or unfit for continued service?
  • DoD disability percentage (DoD rating if LDES; VA rating if IDES)
  • Recommended action: retention, separation, or medical retirement

If you disagree, you may request a **Formal PEB** with legal representation, submit a rebuttal, or appeal the decision.

Step 5: Outcome

The outcome depends on your rating and years of service:

  • ≥30% or ≥20 years: Medical Retirement
  • <30% and <20 years: Medical Separation with severance pay
  • Fit: Return to duty

Key Contacts During the Process

  • PEBLO: Your primary guide through MEB/PEB coordination
  • JAG/Legal Office: Provides free representation for formal boards
  • Military Treatment Facility (MTF): Source of your medical documentation and profile

Tips for Active Duty Members

  • Document every appointment and limitation clearly in your medical records
  • Request a copy of your NARSUM and MEB packet as soon as it’s available
  • Don’t assume your VA rating guarantees retirement — the PEB decides based on fitness, not just rating
  • Seek VSO or legal assistance if you feel pressured to “just separate” or waive your rights

References